[linux] 사용자 정보 파일, 사용자 추가(useradd), User information file, add user (useradd)

♦사용자 추가하면 생기는 정보 파일 및 디렉토리

1. /etc/passwd   : 사용자 정보 파일
2. /etc/shadow   : 사용자 비밀번호
3. /etc/group     : 그룹
4. /etc/gshadow : 그룹 비밀번호
5. /home/~        : 사용자 파일
6. /var/spool/mail : 메일

1./etc/passwd
사용자 : 비밀번호 : UID(사용자) : GID(그룹) : comment : home 경로 : shell(명령어 해석기)

※cat /etc/shells : shell의 종류들
/bin/sh : 최초로 개발된 쉘 , 복구 기본 쉘
/bin/bash : 리눅스에서 사용 많이 함. 오픈소스 쉘
/sbin/nologin : 로그인 안되는것, 시스템 쉘
/bin/csh : c쉘, c언어 전용
/bin/tcsh : 확장 c 쉘, java 확장 기능 쉘

2. /etc/shadow
사용자 : $암호화종류$$비밀번호 암호화 : 비밀번호 변경일자(1970.1.1 부터 경과 일 수) : 변경 가능 일 : 사용 가능 일 : 비밀번호 만료 경고 일 : 만료후 계정 상태 : 만료일지정 :

3. /etc/group
그룹명: 비밀번호 : GID : 사용자 멤버

4. /etc/gshadow
그룹명 : 비밀번호::멤버:

※vi /etc/login.defs : 사용자 정보파일 수정
  GID,UID          = 1000~6000
  sys GID, sys UID = 201~999

※/etc/skel 안에 파일을 넣으면, 사용자 생성 시 파일 넣은 상태로 생성
  skel 디렉토리 복사 시 숨김 파일도 복사해서 옮겨야 됨

♦ Information files and directories created when users are added

1. / etc / passwd: user information file
2. / etc / shadow: user password
3. / etc / group: group
4. / etc / gshadow: group password
5. / home / ~: user file
6. / var / spool / mail: mail

1. /etc/passwd
User: password: UID (user): GID (group): comment: home path: shell (command interpreter)

※ cat / etc / shells: Types of shell
/ Bin / sh: originally developed shell, recovery default shell
/ Bin / bash: Used mostly by Linux. Open source shell
/ Sbin / nologin: not logged in, system shell
/ Bin / csh: c shell, c language only
/ Bin / tcsh: extended c shell, java extension shell

2. / etc / shadow
User: $ Encryption Type $$ Password Encryption: Date of password change (days since 1970.1.1): Changeable Date: Availability Date: Password Expiration Warning Date: Account status after expiration:

3. In the / etc / group
Group Name: Password: GID: User Member

4. / etc / gshadow
Group Name: Password :: Member:

※ vi /etc/login.defs: Modify user information file
  GID, UID = 1000 ~ 6000
  Sys GID, sys UID = 201 ~ 999

* If you put a file in / etc / skel,
  When skel directory is copied, hidden files should also be copied and moved.

♦ Pievienojot lietotāju radīts informācijas failus un direktorijas

1. / etc / passwd: Lietotāja informācija faili
2. / etc / shadow: lietotāja parole
3. / etc / group: Group
4. / etc / gshadow: Group Paroles
5. / home / ~: lietotāja faili
6. / var / spool / mail: e-pasts

1./etc/passwd
Lietotājs: Parole: UID (User): GID (grupa): Komentārs: māja ceļš: shell (komandu tulks)

※ cat / etc / shells: No čaulas veids
/ Bin / sh: pirmais izstrādāt apvalks, noklusējuma apvalks atgūšana
/ Bin / bash: arī parasti izmanto Linux. Open Source Shell
/ Sbin / nologin: jums nevajadzētu ieiet, sistēma apvalks
Tikai c apvalks, c valoda: / Bin / CSH
/ Bin / elm: paplašināt c čaulu, java čaulas paplašinājumu

2. / etc / shadow
Lietotājs: $ $$ šifrēšanas tips šifrēšanas parole (var tikt pieņemts, jo 1970/01/01) Password Change Datums: Sun mainīgs: Pieejams: Parole derīguma brīdinājuma dienas: Konta statuss termiņš: Derīguma precizēts:

3. / etc / group
Grupas nosaukums: parole: GID: Lietotāja locekļi

4. / etc / gshadow
Grupas Lietotājvārds: Parole: Locekļi:

※ vi /etc/login.defs: Mainīt lietotāja informācijas failu
  GID, UID = 1000 ~ 6000
  GID sis, sis UID = 201 ~ 999

※ / etc / skel nodot failu, izveidot failu, ja jums izveidot lietotājs stāvoklī
  Rādīt slēptos failus, kopējot skel direktoriju arī tiek pārvietots ar kopiju



♦사용자 추가 : useradd [옵션] [사용자]
-u [ ]: UID
-g [ ]: GID
-c [ ]: commnet
-d [ ]: 홈 경로
-s [ ]: shell
-mk [ ]: 사용자 지정 skel

♦ Add User: useradd [options] [user]
-u []: UID
-g []: GID
-c []: commnet
-d []: Home path
-s []: shell
-mk []: Custom skel

♦ Pievienot lietotāju: useradd [iespējas] [user]
-u []: UID
-g []: GID
-c []: commnet
-d []: Mājas ceļš
-s []: apvalks
-mk []: Custom skel



♦비밀번호 바꾸기 : passwd (사용자)

♦ Change password: passwd (user)

♦ Mainīt paroli: passwd (lietotājs)



'useradd' 사용방법
How to use 'useradd'
Kā lietot 'useradd'
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GPiauVARdto&t=43s